Because total body water balance, or what we exercise scientists call homeostasis, is complicated, mammals survive by making real-time adjustments at the kidney. That's why when it comes to hydration, our kidneys are king.
Within each kidney -- we need only one i. This is the body's main anti-diuretic water retention hormone. It is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland in response to nerve signals sent from specialized brain sensors which detect subtle changes in water balance. These specialized sensors are called circumventricular organs. The kidneys will make molecular adjustments to both underhydration and overhydration within 40 seconds in response to any upset in the water balance. These adjustments result from the mobilization armies of AQP-2 water channels, numbering about 12 million per collecting duct cell.
This is why when we drink more water than our body needs -- above thirst -- we immediately have to pee out any excess water. Or when we forget our water bottle during practice, we stop peeing to conserve body water. This quick coordinated action between the brain, cranial nerves and kidneys is far more efficient and precise than any phone app, gadget or personalized recommendation available.
Is there anything good to come out of this? Data suggests that drinking about two liters of water per day reduces kidney stone formation in people with a history of kidney stones and decreases the number of bladder infections in people with a history of bladder infections. Improvement in skin complexion, kidney function and constipation , with increased water consumption, are not clearly supported by science.
The heat is on! Precautions for people with diabetes during the summer months. Mayo Clinic, Auerbach PS, et al. Dehydration and rehydration.
In: Auerbach's Wilderness Medicine. Elsevier; Accessed Oct. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dietary reference intakes for electrolytes and water. National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. Franklin BA. Exercise prescription and guidance for adults. Bardosono S, et al. Pregnant and breastfeeding women: Drinking for two.
Sterns RH. Maintenance and replacement fluid therapy in adults. Gordon B. How much water do you need. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Department of Agriculture. Thomas DT, et al. Armstrong LE, et al. Water intake, water balance, and the elusive daily water requirement.
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Artificial sweeteners and other sugar substitutes Autism spectrum disorder and digestive symptoms Bad food habits at work? Get back on track in 5 steps Best oil for cooking? Megan Schimpf, M. May 05, PM. Stop drinking eight 8-ounce glasses of water a day. The 8x8 myth There is no medical evidence that drinking that much water is beneficial to your health. Wellness and Prevention. Children's Health.
So perhaps the advice to drink water before you feel thirsty was originally aimed at parents and the elderly but now healthy adults are putting away gallons of water in a quest to be their best selves. There is a dearth of facts when it comes to hydration. This leaves a profitable grey area for the drinks industry to exploit.
Water is, it would have us believe, a purifying fast-track to glowing skin, bright eyes and bags of energy. Your kidneys do a very good job of sorting out what you need to retain and what you need to get rid of. Will water make your skin better?
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