Some believe that Imam a intended to establish a government, but others hold that Imam a merely wanted to protect his own life.
The martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn a has had a deep impact on Muslims in general and on the Shi'a in particular; it has been a source of inspiration for various resistance movements and revolutions throughout history. Following the school of the Imams a visiting the shrine of Imam al-Husayn a , the mourning ceremonies, and other associated rituals that ensued to commemorate his martyrdom, found their unique place among Shi'a circles especially during months of Muharram and Safar.
Sunni Muslims speak highly of Imam al-Husayn a , because of a the hadiths they have transmitted about his virtues and b his resistance against Yazid. Many works have also been published regarding aspects of his life and personality.
Al-Husayn b. Ali b. Abi Talib b. Abd al-Muttalib b. Hashim was a Hashemite and from the Quraysh tribe. His father was Imam Ali a and his mother was Lady Fatima a. He is a grandson of the Prophet s. According to Shi'a and Sunni narrations, the Prophet s followed God's order and named him al-Husayn [2] The names al-Hasan and al-Husayn have no historical precedence before Islam [3] and are translations of Shubbar and Shubayr [4] the names of the two sons Aaron.
It is reported, for instance, that Imam Ali a initially named him Harb or Ja'far, but the Prophet s chose the name al-Husayn for him. Many titles have been attributed to Imam al-Husayn a , and some of them are as the same as the titles associated with his brother, Imam al-Hasan a , such as Sayyid Shabab Ahl al-Janna master of the youth of the paradise. According to a hadith, recorded in many Sunni and Shiite sources, the Prophet s said, "al-Husayn is a sibt from the asbat.
Imam al-Husayn a was born in Medina. According to Sunni and Shiite reports, when al-Husayn a was born, the Prophet s wept and talked about his martyrdom. Abd al-Muttalib , became his wet nurse. There is disagreement about the count of the children of Imam al-Husayn a.
Al-Shaykh al-Mufid reports Imam al-Husayn a had six children, four boys and two girls. Moreover, some sources mention Ali al-Asghar, the son of Shahrbanu, Muhammad, the son of Rabab, and Zaynab without mentioning her mother's name as the children of Imam al-Husayn a.
Imam al-Husayn a was seven years old when the Prophet of Islam s passed away; nevertheless, even in those short years, he was present in important events of that time together with the Ahl al-Bayt a , such as in the Event of Mubahala with the Christians of Najran, the event of the Ashab al-Kisa' [the Cloak], [39] giving allegiance to the Prophet s and being asked to be a witness when writing letters.
Ibn Sa'd mentioned Imam al-Husayn a in the last class fifth class of the Companions of the Prophet s , he was a small child when the Prophet s passed away and did not accompany him in any battle.
He was always especially favored by the Prophet s. It is narrated from the Prophet s , "Surely, al-Hasan and al-Husayn are the masters of the youths in paradise. Ya'li al-Amiri narrated from the Prophet s that, "al-Husayn is of me and I am of al-Husayn, God loves who loves him; al-Hasan and al-Husayn are two sons among the sons [of prophets].
It is narrated from Salman al-Farsi , that the Prophet s put al-Husayn a on his lap and kissed him and said, "You are noble, son of a noble person and [will be] the father of noble ones; you are an Imam and son of an Imam and the father of Imams; you are the Proof of God, and son of the Proof of God and father of the proofs of God who are nine and the last of whom is their al-Qa'im. The Prophet's s love towards al-Hasan a and al-Husayn a was so much that when they entered the mosque, he s would stop his speech, and come down from the pulpit to welcome them with hugs.
Malik says, "When the Prophet s was asked whom he s loved more among his family, he s replied, 'al-Hasan and al-Husayn. Imam al-Husayn a spent around twenty five years of his life under the rule of the three caliphs.
He a was seven years old at the beginning of the caliphate of the first caliph , nine years old at the beginning of the caliphate of the second caliph and nineteen years old at the beginning of the caliphate of the third caliph.
It is reported that in the first days of the caliphate of Abu Bakr, al-Husayn a together with his brother, al-Hasan a , their mother, Lady Fatima a and their father, Ali a went to the houses of those who participated in the Battle of Badr to gain support for the rightful position of leadership which belonged to Imam Ali a. It is reported in some sources that in one of the early days of the caliphate of Umar, al-Husayn a entered al-Masjid al-Nabawi where he a saw Umar giving a speech on the pulpit of the Prophet s.
So, he a stepped up the pulpit and told him, "Come down from the pulpit of my father and go sit on the pulpit of your father! When Uthman exiled Abu Dhar to Rabadha , he forbade anyone from accompanying or bidding him farewell.
Al-Husayn a with his father, his brother al-Hasan a , his uncle Aqil b. Abi Talib , his cousin Abd Allah b. Ja'far , and Ammar b. Yasir disregarded the caliph's order and bid farewell to Abu Dhar.
Moreover, it is said that no fight occurred in those battles, and the two sides made peace. For instance, considering the weakness of their chains of transmitters and the disagreement of the Imams with the conquests, al-Sayyid Ja'far Murtada al-'Amili d. He mentions that the fact that Imam Ali a did not allow them to fight in the Battle of Siffin is further evidence that those reports are fabricated.
Despite dissatisfaction regarding the leadership of the Third Caliph , Imam 'Ali a ordered al-Husayn a and al-Hasan a to go and protect 'Uthman's house, when people rose against his oppression and stormed towards his house.
It is reported that when people paid allegiance to Imam Ali a , al-Husayn a delivered a speech. Some sources report that when Imam Ali a was martyred, al-Husayn a was with him [85] and participated in his burial ceremony. He returned to Kufa when he received the letter of his brother informing him about the assassination. Al-Husayn a had the utmost respect for his brother.
It is reported, for instance, that if Imam al-Hasan a was present in a session, al-Husayn a would not speak. He told them, "God forbid that I accept your allegiance while al-Hasan a is alive. However, he a firmly supported his brother's treaty. When Qays b. Sa'd asked al-Husayn's a view on the treaty, he a openly shared his support for Imam al-Hasan's a decision.
After the peace treaty was signed, al-Husayn a returned to Medina and remained there. The beginning of the imamate of Imam al-Husayn a coincided with the tenth year of Mu'awiya's rule. According to Sunni sources, he was a clever and patient person [98] and apparently a practicing Muslim, though he had gained power through political plots.
However, he turned the caliphate into a kingdom [] and publicly stated that he did not care whether the people practiced their religion or not. One of the issues during the reign of Mu'awiya was the presence of Shiite beliefs among people, especially in Iraq.
The Shiites, like the Kharijites, were the enemies of Mu'awiya, but unlike the Kharijites, the Shiites enjoyed strong popular support as a result of the influence of Imam Ali a and the Ahl al-Bayt a.
Because of this, Mu'awiya would demote and persecute the Shiites in different ways. One of the ways was to create hatred for Imam Ali a in the hearts of the people. Thus, he had the preachers curse Imam Ali a on the pulpits, a phenomenon which continued during the reign of the subsequent Umayyad rulers.
Because of this threat, some traditionists would use expressions such as "a man from the Quraysh," "one of the companions of the Prophet s ," or "Abu Zaynab" when they wanted to refer to Imam Ali a. In addition to general proofs, Shiite scholars mention specific proofs for the imamate of each Imam a.
In addition to this, there are other hadiths narrated from the Prophet s in which he s has explicitly mentioned the number of Imams, the imamate of Ali a , al-Hasan a , al-Husayn a and the nine descendants of Imam al-Husayn a. In Imam al-Hasan's a will, there was clear direction regarding the succession of al-Husayn a following his death, as well as direction to Muhammad b. However, after Mu'awiya 's death, Imam al-Husayn a openly declared his position as Imam.
Imam al-Husayn a was the most righteous person to rule after Imam al-Hasan a. He a stood loyal to the peace treaty between his brother, Imam al-Hasan a , and Mu'awiya , [] and refrained from uprising against Mu'awiya ; even though, the people of Kufa wrote letters [to him] urging for action against Mu'awiya.
He wrote to them: "I do not have this thought now. May God bless you; stay in your land and hide in your houses and avoid from being accused while Mu'awiya is alive; if God brings forth something while I am alive, I will write to you. Nonetheless, Imam al-Husayn a refused to approve the legitimacy of the government of Mu'awiya over Muslims.
During the eleven years imamate of Imam al-Husayn a , letters showing the Imam's a discontent were exchanged between him and Mu'awiya. These letters show Imam al-Husayn's a stance against Mu'awiya, specifically following crimes or non-Islamic deeds of Mu'awiya.
During this time, Imam al-Husayn a explained both directly and indirectly the rulings and qualifications of imamate , caliphate and the characteristics of the rightful caliph. While respecting the boundaries of the treaty, the Imam a stayed active in his responsibilities in speaking out and preaching.
Among the preaching activities of Imam al-Husayn a , he would continue to explain God's rulings in great gatherings of hajj in the land of Mina and also his secret gatherings in Mecca. Like the three caliphs , Mu'awiya pretended to revere Imam al-Husayn a because he knew that Imam al-Husayn a held a respected position among people of Mecca and Medina ; the ill-treatment of Imam a would not go unnoticed. However, Mu'awiya regarded Imam a as an obstacle in the way of his government, and it worried him.
On one hand, he did not disregard Imam's a position; he pretended to esteem and respect him and also ordered his agents not to disrespect the Prophet's s grandson. On the other hand, he kept Imam al-Husayn a under constant and daily surveillance to monitor his private and public life in the city and on travel. Mu'awiya never attempted to keep the surveillance a secret from Imam al-Husayn, so he a would not consider rising against him.
Mu'awiya had also advised his son, Yazid , that with all the fear he had from Imam a , even if he could defeat the Imam a , he would treat him a with forbearance and would not force Imam al-Husayn a to give allegiance.
Mu'awiya's crimes such as murdering Hujr b. Adi , Amr b. Hamiq al-Khuza'i , Abd Allah b. Yahya al-Hadrami and his companions met the most severe criticisms from the Imam a.
According to several sources, Imam al-Husayn a wrote a letter to Mu'awiyah and condemned the murder of Imam Ali's a companions. After counting some of Mu'awiya's wrong actions, the Imam a criticized him and said, "I do not know a greater fitna for this ummah than your rule over them. In another session, in which ordinary people were present, Imam al-Husayn a reacted to Mu'awiya's remarks about the qualification of Yazid for caliphate by proclaiming that Yazid was an alcoholic and corrupt person and that he himself was the one who deserved to be the caliph.
In Mecca, he was received warmly by the people. Aqil to Kufa to see the circumstances and report back to him. After being welcomed by the people and receiving their vows of allegiance, Muslim b. Aqil wrote a letter to the Imam a and affirmed that Kufa was ready to receive him. According to some reports, the Imam a was informed of a plot for his murder in Mecca, so he left Mecca to preserve its sanctity. The Battle of Karbala, which led to the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn a and his companions, can be considered the most important part of the Imam's a life.
According to some reports, the Imam a was aware of his martyrdom before travelling to Iraq. The battle took place as a result of his rejection of paying allegiance to Yazid. The Imam a , who was on his way to Kufa with his family and companions, was encountered with the army of al-Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi in an area called Dhu Husam , and was forced to change his route as a result. Most sources report that the Imam a arrived in Karbala on Muharram 2nd.
Sa'd arrived in Karbala with four-thousand soldiers. Sa'd, [] but Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad refused to accept anything except the Imam's allegiance to Yazid. In the afternoon of Muharram 9th , Umar b. Sa'd's army got ready for the battle, but the Imam a requested the battle to be postponed until the next day so that he can spend the night praying and worshiping God.
In the morning of Ashura, the battle started, and many of the Imam's a companions were martyred. Yazid, who was one of the commanders of Umar b. Sa'd 's army, repented and joined the Imam a. Finally, Imam al-Husayn a himself entered the battlefield and was martyred in the afternoon of Ashura. At a time when the carpet of the Khilafah was being rolled up and the foundations of the monarchy were being laid, the command to do good and forbid evil became obligatory.
Therefore, in this critical time and critical period, this great happiness became the destiny of Syedna Hussain R. He stood up with a spirit of faith and proved to be an iron wall against the false actions of Yazid and he did his best to prevent evil. Imam Hussain RA took the path of determination in spite of all the dangers, because on the one hand there were personal dangers and on the other hand the religion of grandfather PBUH and the interest of the Ummah of Muhammad PBUH , so he not only He sacrificed his holy caste and even his entire family for the glory of Islam and the wider interest of the ummah.
Thus, on the 10th of Muharram, the day of Ashura, on Friday, 61 Hijri, that heartbreaking, heartbreaking tragedy took place in which the oppressed Imam Hazrat Imam Hussein R. A , along with his sons, nephews and other loved ones are martyrs, fought valiantly against the Yazidi army at Karbala on the banks of the Euphrates River, attaining the highest degree of martyrdom and exposing the falsehood that has no precedent in the world.
Can be found. He lit the eternal candle of truth and righteousness, which is the path of salvation and the light of the destination for humanity in the thick darkness of disbelief and falsehood. And the glory with which Imam Hussain may Allah be pleased with him fought the best jihad in the era of oppression and courage, and courage, determination and perseverance, faith and action, self-sacrifice and sacrifice, submission and consent, told an unparalleled story.
Unable to present a precedent. It ignited the consciousness of the people, awakened the spirit of freedom and set the boundaries of the Khilafah. The purpose of the establishment of Imam Hussain R. A was to uphold the word of God, to establish the government of God Almighty in the land of God Almighty, to propagate the revealed religion and to spread the truth and truthfulness.
If Imam Hussain RA had not stood at this critical juncture in history, the fact is that perhaps the truth would have remained dubious till today. Which system should we adopt and which system should we avoid? If you did not stay, the ownership would be justified. Pharaonicism would have persisted if Mosa had not stood up against Pharoon. Imam Hussain may Allah be pleased with him is rightly good to the Ummah for performing his historical duty. The truth is that Imam Hussein's initiative in a tyrannical and oppressive government establishes the Sunnah of establishment.
If the pattern of Syedna Hussain RA is not before us, no step can be taken against oppression and no movement can be launched against oppression. A is a way of life not only for Muslims but for all humanity.
The martyrdom of Hazrat Imam Hussain RA awakened the consciences, changed the hearts, paved the way for mental revolution and promoted the greatness and importance of human values. Therefore, in a tyrannical situation and a government of tyranny, the action of Syedna Hussain RA establishes the Sunnah of Qiyam for us and teaches us that whatever the circumstances, falsehood, no matter how powerful, evil and Yazidi forces No matter how strong they may be, the knowledge of truth and truthfulness should not be spared from any sacrifice for the oneness of God, the revival of the Prophet's teachings and the glory of the religion.
Even if one has to sacrifice one's life in this path of truth, even if one's own life is lost in this path of truth. Why don't you cut your own neck in the path of truth. Today, despite the passage of fourteen hundred years, the message and philosophy of Hazrat Imam Hussain RA is a shining sign of the pride of Islam. Home About us Contact us Disclaimer Private policy. Pic For Download. How many wives and children of Hazrat Imam Hussain R. Imam Ali a.
As regards Sakinah, daughter of Imam Husayn a. Refer Note No. A period of abstinence from remarriage for women who have been divorced or widowed.
His Valor His Knowledge His munificence and generosity His eloquence, abstinence, humility, and worship Forty Traditions Ahadith regarding the merit of mourning over the afflictions of Imam Husayn a. The army of genie in defense of Imam Husayn a. Dialogue of Umm Salama a. On Imam Husayn a. Imam Husayn a.
Combat of the members of Imam Husayn a. Description of the valor of Hazrat Abbas a. Dream of the wife of Yazid and her lamenting upon Imam Husayn a. Sermon of Imam Ali Zainul Abedeen a. Lamentation of Ali bin Husayn a. An account of Zuhri on the Martyrdom of Imam Husayn a. Complaining of the Angels regarding the Martyrdom of Imam Husayn a. Part 5: Relating to the number of children and wives of Imam Husayn a.
Merit of visiting the grave of Imam Husayn a. Oppression of the Caliphs upon the blessed grave of Imam Husayn a. Continue with Facebook. Continue with Google. Continue with Email. Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. Full Name and Password are required.
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